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港口国监控的意义

1） 改善营运船舶状况

2） 保证海上航行安全

3） 有效保护本国利益， 保护海洋环境， 保证国家安全

4） 促进国际统一标准形成

5） 增进区域性合作发展

四 港口国监控的实施内容

（1） 核验船舶有关证书及文件；

（2） 检查船体、 机电设备和航海仪器状况；

（3） 根据前述的有关国际公约， 对船员在船舶安全管理和防止污染方面操作要求熟练程度

的检查；

（4） 对船上船员工作和生活条件的检查。

在我国跨境电商出口物流方式选择中， 从货量角度看， 直邮渠道出货占 60%左右， 在直邮渠道选择中， 65%的货量通过邮政渠道完成。 2019 年我国跨境电商直邮出口包裹 20 亿件左右， 其中近 12 亿件通过邮政渠道投递。 邮政小包物流模式在行业中占比较大。

During the 1950s and 1960s logisticians concentrated on reducing costs

primarily in the physical distribution or outbound side of the system. In the 1970sattention shifted to the materials management or inbound side of the logistics system

and to improving customer service along with reducing costs. The shift in focus tomaterials management was largely the result of the OPEC oil embargo, which

severely limited supplies of petroleum and related products such as plastics. Manyfirms began to place emphasis on using the logistics system to improve customer

service as the pace of competition quickened in the United States, especially fromfirms located overseas. The net result was that many firms began to look for ways to

integrate materials management and physical distribution and thus to adopt the

concept of business logistics. In addition, many firms began to view businesslogistics as a way to strengthen their relations with customers through improved

customer service.

The 1970s were also a time of relatively high inflation and interest rates. Thehigh interest rates prompted many firms to reconsider their investments in

inventories and to look for ways to reduce them.

The 1980s began with the federal deregulation of transportation in the UnitedStates. The changes in transportation regulation resulted in a much more competitive

and flexible transportation system. Freight rates fell and transportation companies

were allowed to tailor their service to the needs of individual customers. Manycompanies were also able to reduce inventory levels by using fast, responsive

transportation service to deliver to customers from centrally located inventories, rather than having products stored close to customers.

港口市场营销

（一） 港口揽货

由港口企业揽货人员（港口一般设货运处或业务部等负责揽货） 进行， 直接与客户

接触， 通过与客户联系、 接触洽谈， 让客户了解港口的服务， 尽量满足客户要求。

要与客户建立长期业务关系： 应力求货源稳定， 保证港口由足够的货物。

（二） 建立良好的客户关系

与客户进行沟通的方式：

（1） 口头联系： 面对面， 口头

（2） 出版消费刊物： 使消费者可以及时、 详细了解港口

（3） 组织客户参观港口： 百闻不如意见， 也可增加亲切感

（4） 通过报刊、 电台、 电视台对港口进行宣传

（5） 定期或不定期与客户通信， 使之感到受重视

（6） 利用广告和公告

（7） 赞助客户的特殊货代